Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a medical procedure that involves the placement of a tube directly into the stomach through the abdominal wall, primarily to provide nutrition to patients who are unable to eat by mouth due to various health conditions. This technique is performed using an endoscope, which is a flexible tube equipped with a camera and light source that allows for visual inspection of the gastrointestinal tract. During the PEG procedure, the physician typically sedates the patient and inserts the endoscope through the mouth and down the esophagus to the stomach. The camera allows the physician to visualize the stomach's interior and accurately identify a suitable location on the abdominal wall for the tube insertion. Using the endoscopic view as a guide, a small incision is made on the abdominal wall, and a needle is passed through the skin into the stomach. A guide wire is then threaded through the needle, followed by a dilator that enlarges the incision to accommodate the PEG tube. Once the tube is positioned correctly in the stomach, it is secured in place, and the endoscope is carefully withdrawn. The newly placed PEG tube allows for direct access to the stomach, enabling the administration of liquid nutrition, medications, and hydration without the need for oral intake. This procedure is commonly utilized in patients suffering from conditions such as stroke, neurological disorders, or head and neck cancers, which can impede their ability to swallow safely. The PEG tube can remain in place for extended periods, often for months or even years, depending on the patient's individual needs. Following placement, caregivers are trained in the care and maintenance of the tube, which includes regular cleaning and monitoring for any signs of infection or complications. As with any medical procedure, PEG is associated with potential risks, including infection, bleeding, and injury to surrounding organs, though these complications are relatively rare. For many patients, PEG provides a critical lifeline for nourishment and hydration, improving their overall quality of life and allowing for continued management of underlying medical conditions. The decision to proceed with a PEG placement is typically made with careful consideration of the patient's specific situation and treatment goals, often involving a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals to ensure that the benefits outweigh the risks involved. Overall, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is a valuable technique in modern medicine, facilitating appropriate nutritional support and enhancing the management of patients with swallowing difficulties.
